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The ''Four Last Songs'' ((ドイツ語:Vier letzte Lieder)), Op. posth., TrV 296, AV 150,〔Four Last Songs (1950) is listed as AV 150 in Mueller von Asow, Erich Hermann, ''Richard Strauss: Thematisches Verzeichnis''. 3 vols. (Vienna: L. Doblinger, 1950–1974); as TrV 196 in Trenner, Franz, and Trenner, Florian, ''Richard-Strauss-Werkverzeichnis'' (Vienna: 2nd rev. ed.-Richard Strauss Verlag, Vienna, 1999); there is no opus number and it is considered posthumous as the work was published in 1950 after Strauss's death, q.v. Schuh, Willi, and Loewenthal, Max. "Richard Strauss's 'Four Last Songs'", ''Tempo'' New Series, No. 15 (Spring, 1950), 25-27, 29-30.〕 for soprano and orchestra are, with the exception of the song "Malven" (Mallows) composed later the same year,〔http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/945709?sid=21105208831701&uid=4&uid=3739632&uid=3739256&uid=2〕 the final completed works of Richard Strauss, composed in 1948 when the composer was 84. The songs are "Frühling" (Spring), "September", "Beim Schlafengehen" (When Falling Asleep) and "Im Abendrot" (At Sunset). The title "Four Last Songs" was provided posthumously by Strauss's friend Ernst Roth, who published the four songs as a single unit after Strauss's death. Strauss died in September 1949. The premiere was given posthumously at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 22 May 1950 by soprano Kirsten Flagstad and the Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler. == Background == Strauss had come across the poem ''Im Abendrot'' by Joseph von Eichendorff, which he felt had a special meaning for him. He set its text to music in May 1948. Strauss had also recently been given a copy of the complete poems of Hermann Hesse, and was strongly inspired by them. He set three of them – ''Frühling'', ''September'', and ''Beim Schlafengehen'' – for soprano and orchestra, and contemplated setting two more, ''Nacht'' and ''Hohe des Sommers'', in the same manner. He also embarked on a choral setting of Hesse's ''Besinnung'', but laid it aside after the projected fugue became "too complicated".〔Gilliam, Bryan Randolph, ''Richard Strauss and His World'', pp.90-91〕 In the 1954 edition of the ''Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'',〔''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', 5th edition, 1954; ed. Eric Blom〕 the three Hesse songs were listed as a specific group, separate from "Im Abendrot" which had been composed two months prior to those three. The overall title ''Four Last Songs'' was provided by Strauss's friend Ernst Roth, the chief editor of Boosey & Hawkes, when he published all four songs as a single unit in 1950, and in the order that most performances now follow: "Frühling", "September", "Beim Schlafengehen", "Im Abendrot".〔Jackson, Timothy L. "''Ruhe, meine Seele!'' and the ''Letzte Orchesterlieder''". In: Gilliam, Bryan (ed). ''Richard Strauss and his World''. Princeton University Press, 1992.〕 Roth's published sequence does not follow the order of composition for the individual songs ("Im Abendrot" May 6, 1948; "Frühling" July 20, 1948; "Beim Schlafengehen" August 4, 1948; "September" September 20, 1948), nor does it match the order of the pre-publication posthumous premiere by Kirsten Flagstad conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler. Although most recordings adhere to the published order, the sequence premiered by Flagstad – "Beim Schlafengehen", "September", "Frühling", "Im Abendrot" – has occasionally been followed, including in Sena Jurinac's 1951 recording with the Stockholm Philharmonic conducted by Fritz Busch; Lisa Della Casa's 1953 recording with the Vienna Philharmonic under Karl Böhm; and Felicity Lott's 1986 recording with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra under Neeme Järvi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Four Last Songs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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